NEW YORK CITY
New York City, which is situated in New York State, is the biggest city of the USA. It is also called The Big Apple. In the 19th century it was very dirty with chickens walking along streets and avenues. When immigrants began to arrive, New York started to grow fast. Trains, railways, bridges, steamboats and skyscrapers appeared. The first skyscraper was built in 1888. It had only thirteen floors, but the next one had twenty-two. The Empire State Building has 102 floors. Now New York is an industrial, financial, political, cultural and business centre of the country.
The city is situated in the mouth of the Hudson River and is divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Bronx and Staten Island. Brooklyn is also called the bedroom of New York because many people live there. Richmond is a poor district of New York. The Bronx is more residential, and Queens is both residential and industrial borough of the city. A lot of Latino people live in Queens and Brooklyn.
Manhattan is the heart of New York. It is the centre of American finance, art, theatre, fashion, shopping, etc. Manhattan is divided into two sides: the West Side and the East Side. There is also a division into Downtown, Midtown and Uptown Manhattan. The Wall Street is one of the most famous streets in New York. The New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange are situated there.
Chinatown is another tourist attraction of New York. It has a lot of restaurants and small shops. The financial centre of New York is Midtown Manhattan where there are plenty of offices, companies and skyscrapers. The Chrysler Building and the Empire State Building are one of the tallest buildings in the world.
Times Square is famous for its colourful advertisements and Theatre District which begins at the Square and goes to Broadway Street. Broadway is the home to many big and small theatres of New York. It starts in Times Square.
Central Park which is in Uptown Manhattan was designed in the 1850s. There are many places of interest in it: a skating-rink, a zoo, a lake where you can row, and an outdoor theatre. People can take a horse ride through Central Park or rent a bicycle.
New York is also famous for its museums and art galleries. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is the biggest and one of the most important among them. It is one of the largest and finest museums in the world. It houses more than two million works of art.
The Statue of Liberty is the American symbol of freedom. It has stood in New York harbour since 1886. The Statue was given to the USA as a gift by the French. The statue is made from copper sheets and it is hollow inside. There is a circular stairway and a lift inside the Statue.
New York is a well-planned city, so it is easy for strangers to find their way there.
Streets are called by ordinal numbers or letters of the alphabet, for example, First Avenue, Second Street, Avenue B, etc.
New York is an exciting city and I would love to visit it.

Vocabulary:
advertisement реклама, объявление
borough [Ългэ] район Нью-Йорка
circular ["s3:kjub] круглый, циркулярный
copper [кг>рэ] медь
district ["distnkt] район
division деление
hollow ["httbu] пустой
masterpiece ["ma:st3pi:s] шедевр
mouth устье
ordinal ["o:dml] порядковый
plenty of ["plenti] много
residential жилой
row [гэи] грести
skating-rink ["skeitmrmk] каток
skyscraper ["skai,skreip3] небоскреб
steam boat ["sti:m "baut] пароход

Questions:
1. Where is New York City situated? What"s the second name of it?
2. What do you know about the history of New York?
3. How many boroughs are there in New York City?
4. What borough is the heart of the city? What can be seen there?
5. Do you know anything about Chinatown?
6. What is Times Square famous for?
7. What is Central Park and where is it situated?
8. What museums and art galleries are there in New York?
9. What is the most famous monument in the city?
10. Is New York planned well? Why (not)?

New York is the largest city in the USA and the biggest seaport. It is the business centre of the United States.

New York is situated in the mouth of the Hudson river. In comparison with such ancient historical cities as, say, Rome, London, Moscow or Paris, New York is quite young. It was founded in 1613 by Dutch settlers.

There are five districts in the city: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond. Manhattan is the central and the oldest part of the city. It is the district of business and finance. It is here in Wall Street that many business offices, banks and the world famous New York stock exchange are situated. The New York stock exchange dominates business life of many countries.

The total area of New York is 365 square miles or 900 square kilometres. Its population together with the population of its suburbs amounts to 16 million people.

Among the inhabitants of New York one can meet people of almost all nationalities. They settled here during the immigration in the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century.

A traveller who visits New York for the first time wonders at the modern architecture. The Statue of Liberty, which is on Liberty Island, was a present from France in 1876 on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of American independence. This statue and a few 18th and 19th century churches, hospitals, newspaper offices and other buildings are the only examples of "old" architecture in New York. Wherever your eyes travel, everywhere you can see sky-scrapers. New York, one of the USA leading manufacturing cities, is the home of great firms and banks. The most important branches of industry are those producing vehicles, glass, chemicals and all kinds of machinery. The city has very busy traffic. Its streets and highways are full of cars and buses.

The mouth of the Hudson river makes an excellent harbour for numerous passengers and cargo ships from all over the world.

Speaking about New York one can"t but mention the outstanding role, the city plays, in the cultural life of the country. New York has many museums and art galleries which have collected works of art of many peoples and of all times. Many of them are on constant display in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of Art. Most of the theatres and cinemas are in or near Broadway, the longest street and the biggest shopping district in New York. The Metropolitan and Modern Arts Museums attract many visitors.

Нью-Йорк

Нью-Йорк - самый большой город и самый крупный морской порт в США. Это деловой центр Соединенных Штатов.

Нью-Йорк расположен в устье реки Гудзон. По сравнению с такими древними историческими городами, как, скажем, Рим, Лондон, Москва или Париж, Нью- Йорк довольно молодой город. Он был основан в 1613 г. датскими поселенцами.

В городе пять районов: Маыхэттэн, Бронкс, Куинс, Бруклин и Ричмонд. Манхэттэн - это центральная и самая старая часть города. Это деловой и финансовый район. Именно здесь, на Уолл-стрит, расположено множество деловых офисов, банков и известная во всем мире Нью- Йоркская биржа. Биржа Нью-Йорка управляет деловой жизнью многих стран.

Общая площадь Нью-Йорка составляет 365 квадратных милей или 900 квадратных километров. Его население вместе с населением пригородов насчитывает до 16 млн. человек.

Среди жителей Нью-Йорка можно встретить людей почти всех национальностей. Они поселились здесь в период иммиграции в XIX и начале XX столетия.

Путешественники, приехавшие первый раз в Нью-Йорк, любуются современной архитектурой. Статуя Свободы, которая находится на острове Свободы, была подарком Франции в 1876 г. по случаю столетия независимости Америки. Эта статуя и несколько церквей XVIII и XIX столетий, больницы, редакции газет и другие здания являются образцами "старой" архитектуры в Нью-Йорке. Куда ни бросишь взгляд, везде можно увидеть небоскребы. Нью-Йорк, один из ведущих промышленных городов США, - это местонахождение больших фирм и банков. Наиболее важными являются отрасли промышленности, которые производят автомобили, стекло, химикаты и все виды машин. В городе очень оживленное движение. Его улицы и автострады переполнены автомобилями и автобусами.

Устье реки Гудзон является хорошей пристанью для многочисленных пассажирских и грузовых кораблей со всего мира.

Говоря о Нью-Йорке, нельзя не сказать о выдающейся роли, которую город играет в культурной жизни страны. В Нью-Йорке много музеев, художественных галерей, где находятся собрания произведений искусств разных народов всех времен. Многие из них постоянно экспонируются в Метрополитен-музее и Уитни-музее. Большинство театров и кинотеатров расположены на Бродвее или недалеко от него - самой длинной улицы и самого большого района магазинов в Нью-Йорке. Метрополитен-музей и Музей современного искусства привлекают множество посетителей.

New York City is the largest city in the USA. It is located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern part of the State of New York. The city was founded in 1624 by the Dutch colonists, and was called New Amsterdam. In 1664, the British captured the city and renamed it New York in honor of the initiator of capture – the Duke of York.

The city consists of five boroughs: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan and Staten Island. The city area is 1214.9 km². The population of New York is over 8.4 million people (2013).

New York, along with London and Tokyo, is one of the three main centres of the world economy.

There are two airports in New York – John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) and LaGuardia (LGA).

New York is a relatively young city (it is less than 400 years old), and its layout is not burdened with centuries-old layers of historical and architectural eras.

Skyscrapers are the basis of modern architecture in New York and are the city’s landmark (the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building).

The main attractions of New York are located in Manhattan: the Rockefeller Center, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Opera, the American Museum of Natural History, the UN headquarters, and Harlem. The Statue of Liberty is located about 3 km southwest of the southern tip of Manhattan on Liberty Island.

Нью-Йорк – крупнейший город США. Он расположен на берегу Атлантического океана в юго-восточной части штата Нью-Йорк. Город был основан в 1624 году голландскими колонистами и назывался Новым Амстердамом. В 1664 году город захватили англичане и переименовали его в Нью-Йорк в честь инициатора захвата – герцога Йоркского.

Город состоит из пяти районов (боро): Бронкс, Бруклин, Куинс, Манхэттен и Статен-Айленд. Площадь города – 1214,9 км². Население Нью-Йорка более 8,4 млн человек (2013).

Нью-Йорк, наряду с Лондоном и Токио, называют одним из трёх центров мировой экономики.

В Нью-Йорке есть два аэропорта – аэропорт им. Кеннеди (JFK) и аэропорт LaGuardia (LGA).

Нью-Йорк – город сравнительно молодой (ему менее 400 лет), и его планировка не отягощена многовековыми наслоениями исторических и архитектурных эпох.

Небоскребы составляют основу современной архитектуры Нью-Йорка и являются достопримечательностями города (Эмпайр-стейт-билдинг, Крайслер-билдинг).

Основные достопримечательности Нью-Йорка расположены в Манхэттене: это Рокфеллеровский центр, художественный Метрополитен-музей, Метрополитен-опера, Американский музей естественной истории, штаб-квартира ООН, Гарлем. А примерно в 3 км на юго-запад от южной оконечности Манхэттена на острове Свободы находится статуя Свободы.

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New York is the biggest city in the USA and one of the largest cities of the World* The population of this city is near 12 million people. It is the capital of New York State.

There are 5 boroughs in New York — Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island or Richmond. Brooklyn alone has so many people that if it were a separate city, it would be the fourth largest city in the United States.

Some call New York a poem in stone and steel, others a soulless monster. It is unlike any other city in the world.

At the beginning of the 17th century only the wigwams of the Iroquois stood where the sky-scrapers of New York now reach to the clouds. In 1626 the Dutch Governor, Peter Minuit, concluded with them what American business experts call «the most profitable commercial deal in the U.S. history». With several bottles of gin and a handful of trinkets that cost twenty-four dollars, he bought a large island from the simple-hearted, trusting Indians. Later the Indians named the island Manhatta (present-day Manhattan, the main borough of New York, which in Iroquois means: «They cheated us».

It seems that at the dawn of private enterprise, too, it was hard to understand the difference between «a commercial deal» and cheating, between «a miracle of enterprise» and robbery.

It was not until the end of the 18th century that the city"s real growth began. Situated as it is at the mouth of the Hudson River, which is open to ocean-going ships the year round, New York quickly became one of the largest ports in the world.

At the turn of the twentieth century millions of people driven by poverty emigrated to the United States from various countries, of Europe. They entered the New World through New York, the «Gateway of America.»

New York attracts people from all over the world. If you are crossing New York City by subway, look at the newspapers other people around read. One person is reading a newspaper in Spanish, another in Chinese, others in Arabic, Russian, Italian and French and so on.

Hundreds of thousands of them settled down in that city. That is what makes people call it the «Modern Babylon.»

At present more Irish live in New York than in Dublin, more Icelanders than in Reykjavik, more Italians than in Rome. Emigrants from seventy countries and all the continents of the world, all speaking their own languages, make up this «Modern Babylon.»

Перевод текста: New York - Нью-Йорк (3)

Нью-Йорк — крупнейший город США и один из самых больших городов мира. Население города составляет 12 миллионов человек. Он является столицей штата Нью-Йорк.

В Нью-Йорке пять районов — Манхэттен, Бруклин, Квинс, Бронкс и Стейтен Айленд, или Ричмонд. В одном Бруклине проживает так много людей, что, если бы он был отдельным городом, он бы мог стать четвертым по величине городом Соединенных Штатов.

Некоторые называют Нью-Йорк творением из камня и стали, другие — бездушным монстром. Он не похож на любой другой город мира.

В начале XVII столетия только вигвамы ирокезов стояли на месте нью-йоркских небоскребов, которые сегодня дотягиваются до небес. В1626 году голландский губернатор Питер Минуит заключил с индейцами то, что американские бизнес-эксперты называют «самой выгодной деловой сделкой в истории США». Он приобрел большой остров у простодушных и доверчивых туземцев всего лишь за несколько бутылок джина и горсть безделушек, общей стоимостью в 24 доллара. Позже индейцы назвали остров Манхатта (в наши дни именуемый Манхеттеном), главный район Нью-Йорка, который в переводе с языка ирокезов означает — « они нас обманули ».

По всей видимости, в период Становления частного предпринимательства, также трудно было понять разницу между «коммерческой сделкой» и надувательством, между «чудом предпринимательства» и грабежом.

Настоящий рост города начался не ранее конца XVIII века. Расположенный в устье реки Гудзон, открытый круглый год для океанских судов, Нью-Йорк быстро превратился в один из самых крупных мировых портов.

В начале XX века миллионы людей, гонимые бедностью, эмигрировали в США из разных европейских государств. Они въезжали в Новый Свет через Нью-Йорк — «ворота Америки».

Нью-Йорк привлекает людей всего мира. Если вы пересекаете Нью-Йорк подземкой, посмотрите на газеты, которые другие люди читают. Один читает газету на испанском языке, другой — на китайском, третьи — на арабском языке, русском, итальянском, французском языке и так далее.

Сотни тысяч людей обосновались в этом городе. Вот почему люди называют его «современным Вавилоном».

В настоящее время в Нью-Йорке живет больше ирландцев, чем в самом Дублине, исландцев там больше, чем в самом Рейкьявике; итальянцев в Нью-Йорке больше, чем в самом Риме. Иммигранты из 70 стран мира, со всех континентов земного шара, говорящие на разных языках, являются составляющей частью « современного Вавилона ».

Использованная литература:
1. 100 тем английского устного (Каверина В., Бойко В., Жидких Н.) 2002
2. Английский язык для школьников и поступающих в ВУЗы. Устный экзамен. Топики. Тексты для чтения. Экзаменационные вопросы. (Цветкова И. В., Клепальченко И.А., Мыльцева Н.А.)
3. English, 120 Topics. Английский язык, 120 разговорных тем. (Сергеев С.П.)

Топик Нью-Йорк рассказывает о крупнейшем городе США, входящем в одну из крупнейших агломераций мира. Население города составляет более 8 миллионов человек. Нью-Йорк расположен на берегу Атлантического океана, в юго-восточной части штата Нью-Йорк. Город был основан в начале 17-го века голландскими колонистами и до 1664 года назывался «Новый Амстердам». Нью-Йорк включает 5 районов: Бронкс, Бруклин, Куинс, Манхэттен и Статен-Айленд. Основные достопримечательности расположены на Манхэттене. Среди них исторические небоскребы и знаменитые здания: Эмпайр-стейт-билдинг, Крайслер-билдинг, Рокфеллеровский центр, Вулворт-билдинг, художественный Метрополитен-музей, Метрополитен-опера, Музей Соломона Гуггенхайма, Американский музей естественной истории, легендарный отель «Челси», штаб-квартира ООН, Гарлем. Географически, город Нью-Йорк включает: остров Манхэттен, остров Статен-Айленд, западную часть острова Лонг-Айленд, часть североамериканского материка (Бронкс) и несколько небольших островов в Нью-Йоркской гавани. Статен-Айленд - самый холмистый, просторный и наименее заселённый район города. В густонаселённом Манхэттене, наоборот, земля ограниченна и дорога, что объясняет столь большое количество небоскребов. В прошлом, подавляющее большинство населения города составляли переселенцы из Европы: ирландцы и немцы, евреи и итальянцы. За последние десятилетия Нью-Йорк принял немало выходцев из Азии, особенно китайцев, индийцев и пакистанцев, а также уроженцев многих стран Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна. Нью-Йорк является центром мировой торговли, финансов и коммуникаций, искусства, развлечений и моды. Город является финансовой столицей США, в нем расположены штаб-квартиры крупнейших мировых корпораций.

City and port located at the mouth of the Hudson River, southeastern New York state, northeastern U.S. New York City is the centre of the largest urban agglomeration in the United States. It occupies Manhattan and Staten islands, the western end of Long Island, a portion of the mainland, and various islands in New York Harbor and Long Island Sound. Its urban area extends into neighbouring parts of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut.

New York City is an ethnic melting pot where the most dramatic cultural contrasts are commonplace. It is among the most geographically and demographically complex of world cities, its economy one of the most diverse, and its cultural scene among the richest and most variegated.

The city consists of five boroughs (Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island ), which correspond to five counties of New York state (New York, Kings, Queens, Bronx, and Richmond, respectively). All are located near the point where the Hudson River empties into Upper New York Bay of the Atlantic Ocean. The city"s only land boundaries are Westchester county on the north and Nassau county on Long Island to the east. The city"s waterfront is used for shipping and recreation.

The city may be described as a collection of many neighbourhoods, each with its own character and life-style. Manhattan is the economic and cultural heart of the city and is often considered to be "the city." Administration and services, however, have become increasingly decentralized as community planning boards have assumed more power in areas such as education, health, housing, and public works. Manhattan, the magnet for tourists and businessmen, is at first glance a city of skyscrapers, glaring lights, and frenetic pace. The shopping promenade of Fifth Avenue, the financial institutions of Wall Street, the residential mansions of Park Avenue, or the bohemian life in the East Village and SoHo give typical impressions. Only Brooklyn of the other boroughs has a similar ethnic heterogeneity and a similar range of social life, with commercial and industrial districts and residential areas ranging from the wealth of Brooklyn Heights to the most abject poverty of parts of Bedford-Stuyvesant. Queens is mainly residential and middle class, and Staten Island is partly suburban but still rural in some areas. In the Bronx luxurious residences and solid middle-class apartments prevail in some sections, but other areas, especially the South Bronx, are the scene of severe urban blight.

Ethnic pockets abound throughout Manhattan, from black and Spanish Harlem in the north, to the various enclaves of the Lower East Side such as Little Italy and Chinatown. New York City also has large numbers of Italians, Irish, Puerto Ricans, and West Indians, as well as the largest Jewish population of any city in the world. This ethnic and racial mix is the result of the waves of immigration that the city has absorbed during its history. The Statue of Liberty, located on Liberty Island off Manhattan, has long stood as a symbol of refuge and opportunity.

New York City is a centre of world trade and finance, communications, art and entertainment, and fashion. The city is the financial capital of the United States and holds the headquarters of many of the world"s largest corporations. Wall Street in Manhattan is home to the nation"s largest stock exchange and is the headquarters of the country"s largest brokerage firms. With the headquarters of the nation"s television and radio networks and the main offices of the largest advertising agencies, New York City is the heart of the mass media in the United States. Printing and publishing are also of great importance, and most of the nation"s major publishing houses are based in midtown Manhattan. The city"s economic life also depends on the great diversity of its numerous small businesses and manufacturing establishments.

Wearing apparel, symbolized by its famous garment district, continues to be New York City"s major manufacturing industry. White-collar jobs, however, are far more numerous. The main nonmanufacturing employers include service businesses; wholesale and retail trades; finance, insurance, and real estate; transport and public utilities; government; and construction.

Automation and mergers have resulted in the loss of many jobs in the city. In addition, escalating rents and taxes and high crime rates have caused many firms to leave. Steps have been taken by the city government, however, to alleviate these problems and to provide incentives for remaining.

The artists of New York City exhibit in a wide variety of forms, ranging from traditional crafts to the most avant-garde work, flavoured by complex blends of ethnic and national influences. Theatrical arts and entertainment are also widespread: Broadway is the synonym for musical comedies and legitimate drama; Carnegie Hall is one of the most famous concert halls in the world; and Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is the home of the Metropolitan Opera, the New York City Opera, the New York Philharmonic, and the New York City Ballet. Though the importance of Broadway has declined, theatre is very much alive in the more venturesome Off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions. The city has numerous motion-picture theatres, among which are many revival and foreign-film houses.

The New York Public Library is one of the best research libraries in the world. Most famous among the city"s many museums are the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the American Museum of Natural History. Many lesser known museums house special collections. The city"s extensive system of public parks includes Central Park in Manhattan.

New York City has an extensive public university system. Outstanding private colleges and universities in the city include Columbia, New York, Rockefeller, and Fordham universities, numerous medical schools, the New School for Social Research, and the Juilliard School.

New York City"s subway system carries more than one-third of all mass-transit passengers in the metropolitan area, with the balance provided by commuter rail lines and buses. The once-famous docks of Hell"s Kitchen along the Hudson River in Manhattan have disappeared, and considerable shipping has shifted to the New Jersey side of the harbour. Rail lines radiate in all directions. International and domestic air service is provided by Kennedy, La Guardia, and Newark (New Jersey) international airports. Area city, 304 square miles (787 square km); metropolitan area, 1,384 square miles (3,585 square km). Pop. (1990) city, 7,322,564; New York PMSA, 8,546,846; New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island CMSA, 18,087,251.